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According to data from the Cancer Institute (Inca), in 2022, about 330,000 people will be diagnosed with some type of neoplasm. Increasingly common, cancer can appear in various parts of the body and with different severities, but treatment methods have evolved a lot in recent years — and today, most patients can envision a life without cancer. But is it possible to be 100% disease-free?
Oncologist Rafael Kaliks, scientific director of Oncoguia, explains that, in medicine, there is no such thing as 100% or 0%, always or never. But conceptually, patients can be completely cured of various types of cancer. “The probability is very high, but there is no absolute guarantee. There is a statistic for each type of tumor, depending on the stage of the disease, the treatment used,” he says.
Women with breast cancer, for example, who have a low-grade tumor of 1.5 cm, who do not have armpit involvement, who have a positive hormone receptor and receive hormone therapy after the operation, may have a 99% probability of cure. “We cannot say that it is 100%, because there is still a small possibility of recurrence”, says the oncologist.
Kaliks teaches that the more time passes from diagnosis without evidence of relapse, the more likely the patient is to be cured. However, this time depends on the type of tumor and the organ in which it arose. “Some people talk about 3, 5, 10 years. But others will never be considered cured, such as follicular lymphoma, for example, which is a low-grade, malignant, hematological disease that, although we control it, will not be cured. As a rule, at some point, a new manifestation of the disease will occur”, he explains.
In the case of types of cancer that do not disappear but are treated as a chronic disease, the doctor considers that, eventually, the tumor will go out of control and pose a risk to the patient. Therefore, he must be accompanied by an oncologist.
If the patient is discharged, does he or she need follow-up?
Many cancer patients, after treatment, when the cancer does not reappear within the expected window, are discharged. Even without 100% certainty of cure, Kaliks teaches that it is not necessary to continue follow-up with an oncologist.
“If you only have a 1%, 2% chance of re-manifesting, the probability is so low that the follow-up would not have as much impact and the patient would not necessarily live longer with this new diagnosis made early”, says the doctor. In cases of breast cancer, for example, the patient will continue to have regular follow-up with a gynecologist in routine exams, but will not need to return to the oncologist every year.
3 Cards_Gallery_of_Photos (1)According to the National Cancer Institute, for each year of the triennium 2020/2022, about 625 thousand cases of the disease will be recorded in Brazil. Apart from skin cancer, the most common types that affect Brazilians are prostate, breast, cervix, lung, stomach, oral cavity and thyroid.Science Photo Library – STEVE GSCHMEISSNER, Getty Images
***photo-person-being-examined-for-suspected-skin-cancerExtremely common in the country, skin cancer is characterized by the appearance of tumors on the skin in the form of spots or spots with irregular shapes. Related to prolonged exposure to the sun, exposure to artificial tanning cameras or for hereditary reasons, the disease can be treated through surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.miriam-doerr/istock
***photo-woman-without-blouse-with-symbol-against-breast-cancerBreast cancer is caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of cells in the breast. Although common in women, the disease can also affect men. Among the symptoms of the disease are: pain in the breast region, hardened lump, redness, swelling and bloody secretion. Treatment involves surgery to remove the breast, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy.SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty Images
***photo-person-holding-symbol-representing-fight-against-prostate-cancerMore common in men, prostate cancer has the following symptoms: blood in the urine, difficulty urinating, the need to urinate several times a day and the delay in starting and finishing urinating. Surgery and radiation therapy are among the treatments for the disease.Getty Images
***photo-woman-holding-throatAlthough it may be related to hyperthyroidism, smoking, changes in sex hormones and diabetes, for example, thyroid cancer is still not well understood by experts. Despite this, treatments against the disease involve hormone therapy, radiotherapy, radioactive iodine and chemotherapy, depending on the case. getty images
***special-lung-cancer.jpgLung cancer is one of the types with the highest incidence in Brazil. Related to the use or prolonged exposure to smoking, its main symptoms are shortness of breath, chest pain, recurrent pneumonia, bronchitis, bloody sputum and frequent coughing. The disease is treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or/and surgeryBSIP / getty images
***picture-offering-cigarette-and-another-denyingIn Brazil, squamous squamous cell carcinoma has the highest incidence among stomach cancers. Treatments involve surgery or radiation and chemotherapyiStock
***photo-man-lying-with-part-of-red-torso.jpgStomach cancer is diagnosed after identifying malignant tumors spread throughout the organ that can appear as ulcers. Related to infections caused by Helicobacter Pylori, by the presence of ulcers and untreated chronic gastritis, for example, the disease can cause vomiting with blood or blood in the stool, frequent belly pain and constant heartburnSmith Collection/Gado/Getty Images
***Drawing-uterus-with-spots-of-cervical-cancer-in-cervical-cervicalCervical cancer has symptoms of intermittent vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain related to bowel or urinary complaints, and abnormal vaginal discharge. Treatment involves chemotherapy, radiation and surgery.Science Photo Library/GettyImages
***photo-dentist-consultant-mouth-patientOral cancer is a disease that involves the presence of malignant tumors on the lips, gums, roof of the mouth, tongue, cheeks and bones. It is more common in men over 40 years old and has as symptoms oral cavity sores, tongue stains and neck nodules, for example. Treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.pexels
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